Immaggine:Bing Crosby 1930s.jpg

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Detàggi

Descriçión
English: Bing Crosby publicity photo, c. 1930s
Dæta anni '30 del XX sec.
date QS:P,+1930-00-00T00:00:00Z/8
Vivàgna eBay
Aotô SconosciutoUnknown author
Licénsa
(Dêuviâ tórna 'sto file chi)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actors. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

Licénsa

Public domain
Quest'opera è nel pubblico dominio in quanto pubblicata negli Stati uniti tra il 1929 e il 1963 con un avviso di copyright, ma il copyright non è stato poi rinnovato. A meno che l'autore non sia deceduto da diversi anni, è protetta da copyright nei Paesi o nelle aree in cui non si applica la regola della durata più breve per le opere statunitensi, come Canada (70 pma), Cina (50 pma, non Hong Kong o Macao), Germania (70 pma), Messico (100 pma), Svizzera (70 pma) e altri Paesi con trattati individuali. Vedi Commons:Hirtle chart per ulteriori approfondimenti.

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03:59, 11 zen 2015Miniatûa da versción de 03:59, 11 zen 20151 350 × 1 685 (1,34 MB)Bede735Adjusted brightness and contrast, cropped the image
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